Protection

Safety and safety guide for GBL (gamma-butyrolactone) and GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate)

Overview

GBL (gamma-butyrolactone) and GHB (gamma-hydroxybutyrate) are substances that have legitimate industrial and medical uses, but are also used recreationally. Both substances can be dangerous if abused and have a potential for dependence, overdose and legal consequences.

Properties and effects

FeatureGBLGHB
Chemical formulaC₄H₆O₂C₄H₈O₃
Frequent applicationsSolvent, cleaning agent, precursorMedical use (narcolepsy, anesthesia), leisure
Onset of action10-60 minutes15-30 minutes
Duration of effect1.5-4 hours1.5-4 hours
EffectsEuphoria, relaxation, drowsinessEuphoria, relaxation, drowsiness

Legal status

Country/RegionGBLGHB
United StatesNot federally classified, but controlled by analog lawsList I (non-medical use), List III (Xyrem)
European UnionControlled in many countriesControlled substance
AustraliaControlled preliminary stageList I
CanadaControlledControlled

Security guidelines

Dosage

  • GBLTypical recreational doses range from 0.5 to 2.5 ml. Higher doses increase the risk of severe side effects.
  • GHBTypical doses range from 0.5 to 3 grams. The risk of overdose is high due to the small difference between a recreational dose and an overdose.

Note: The individual tolerance varies greatly. Always start with the lowest possible dose to assess tolerance.

Risks of an overdose

Overdose symptoms include:
  • Unconsciousness
  • Cramps
  • Slow or irregular breathing
  • Vomiting
  • Loss of coordination
First aid in case of overdose:
  1. Call the emergency services immediately.
  2. Place the person in the recovery positionto prevent suffocation.
  3. Monitor your breathing and be prepared to perform cardiopulmonary resuscitation if necessary.
  4. Do not leave the person aloneuntil help arrives.

Combination with other substances

  • Alcohol: Greatly increases the risk of overdose and death.
  • BenzodiazepinesAlso increases the risk of severe respiratory depression and death.
  • Stimulants (e.g. cocaine, amphetamines)May mask the depressant effects, which can lead to unexpected overdose.

Loss minimization strategies

  1. Do not use alone. Always have a sober person present.
  2. Not with other depressants such as alcohol or benzodiazepines.
  3. Measure the cans accurately with a syringe or pipette.
  4. Start with a low doseto evaluate the reaction of your body.
  5. Stay hydratedbut avoid drinking large amounts of water in a short period of time.
  6. Keep emergency contacts and information ready.

Storage and handling

  • Store in a cool, dry placeaway from direct sunlight.
  • Keep out of the reach of children and pets.
  • Mark containers clearlyto avoid inadvertent receipts.
  • Use suitable protective equipment (gloves, safety goggles) when handling GBL due to its solvent properties.

Security concerns

  1. Safe storageEnsure that GBL and GHB are stored in a locked area.
  2. Monitoring usageTrack volumes to detect unauthorized use.
  3. Compliance with legal regulationsObserve local regulations regarding the purchase, storage and use of these substances.

Medical and psychological considerations

  • Dependence and withdrawalBoth substances can be addictive. Withdrawal symptoms can include anxiety, tremors, insomnia and, in severe cases, convulsions.
  • Seek professional helpIf you or someone you know is struggling with addiction, seek medical and psychological help.

Visual aids

Diagram of the stable lateral position

Stabile Seitenlage

Example of dose measurement

Dosismessung

Conclusion

GBL and GHB can be dangerous if misused. Understanding the properties, risks and safety measures is crucial to avoid harm. Always follow harm reduction practices and legal requirements.

For more information, consult healthcare professionals and authoritative sources on substance use and harm reduction.